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Carlson Joint and Foundation Meters
Joint meters and foundation meters are similar to strain meters except they have greater range. This is accomplished by having a coil spring in series with each of two loops of elastic wire.
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Foundation
The foundation meter is the same as the joint meter except that it has its range mainly in contraction.
Joint
The joint meter is used mainly to measure the opening to joints and therefore it has most of its range in expansion.
Range is allowed by spring-loading the elastic wire. Both measure temperature as well as expansion or contraction in the same way that strain meters do.
